Effect of Estrogen Beta Receptor Polymorphism in Male Infertility: A Review

Abstract

Infertility is one of the major health problems of reproductive age couples. The suggestion that oestrogen beta receptor polymorphism has unfavorable effects on the male fertility is contentious. This review study aimed to identify the impact of estrogen beta receptor polymorphism on male infertility. The comprehensive literature review focused on the role of estrogen beta receptor (ERβ) in the testis, its effects on sperm motility, longevity, and fertilizing capacity, as well as the relationship between ERβ mutation and male infertility. The review highlighted the critical role of ERβ in sperm function, emphasizing its strong expression in the testis and its significance for sperm motility and fertilizing capacity. The absence of ERβ was found to diminish epididymal sperm content, sperm motility, and fertility, thereby contributing to male infertility. Additionally, the review discussed the influence of environmental, physiological, and genetic factors on male factor infertility and emphasized the need for further molecular studies to determine the implications of ERβ mutation in a multifactorial manner. The literature cited in the review provided insights into the prevalence of male infertility worldwide, with a focus on the African region, where male factor infertility was found to account for a significant percentage of infertility cases. Genetic evaluations and lifestyle changes, including the inclusion of antioxidant vitamins and minerals in treatment regimens to prevent oxidative DNA damage linked to estrogen-induced effects on male reproduction, were recommended. Furthermore, healthy lifestyle choices and the avoidance of tobacco smoking, marijuana, and alcohol use may play central role in preserving male fertility.