Histopathological and biochemical effects of Aqueous Fruit Extract of Balanite aegyptiaca on Selected Organs of Mice

Abstract

Background: Balanites aegyptiaca is a medicinal plant for diabetes, leukemia, and breast cancer. Unfortunately, it is hard to assume whether the plantis safe because substantial data are lacking. Objective: To determine the biochemical effects of aqueous fruit extract of Balanite aegyptiaca in selected organs of mice. Methods: The acute toxicity study was performed using the Up and Down method at an oral limit dose of 5000 mg/kg in mice while subacute oral doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg were administered for 28 days.Animals were weighed on those days to assess possible weight changes. After exposure, animals were euthanized and blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. Results:The acute toxicity studyshowed no major toxic effect and indicated an LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg. Subacute doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg extract did not produce significant changes inthe body weights of animals for 28 days.There were no pathological changes in animals at 200 mg/kg. However, the extract significantly raised liver transaminases AST, ALP, ASP, and potassium ions at 400 and 800 mg/kg. Conclusion: Balanite aegyptiaca fruit had an LD 50 greater than 5000 mg/kg, indicating its safety at the acute level. In the Subacute assessment,extract at 200 mg/kg was not toxic. However, 400 and 800 mg/kg extract was toxic to the liver and lungs. The toxicological effects suggest that Balanite aegyptiaca fruit would be safe when controlled.