Standardisation, Quality Control, and Bio-Enhancement of Botanical Insecticides: a Review

Abstract

Botanicals are substances extracted from plants for use in various applications, such as the production of insecticides. Botanical insecticides (BIs) have recently attracted awareness in pest management owing to their potential to substitute synthetic pesticides. BIs are eco-friendly and more sustainable due to their ability to breakdown after use without generating toxic residues and diverse approach actions on targeted pests. Nevertheless, BIs are still not readily accepted, because the supporting proofs are very traditional, raising doubts about their quality. Additionally, the phytochemical variations of plants yield uneven and sometimes unfamiliar pesticide activity. This paper discusses challenges to overcome and presents the most noteworthy knowledge on BIs, their standardization, quality control, and bioenhancement to be useful in agriculture and to improve human health.