Histopathological and biochemical changes in the rats kidney following exposure to a pyrethroid based mosquito coil

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of inhaling mosquito coil smoke on the histomorphology and biochemistry of the rats’ kidney. A total of thirty (30) adult albino rats of the Wister strain were used, they were randomly divided into six groups of five rats each. Group I served as control (no exposure to mosquito coil smoke). W hile rats in groups II-V were exposed to mosquito coil smoke for 12 h, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days respectively. At the end of each experimental period, blood was obtained 3 from each rat for the determination of serum levels of Na+, k+, Cl- , HCO , Urea and Creatinine.- The rats were then sacrificed and the kidneys obtained were processed for routine histological analysis. Biochemical analysis of blood serum showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the levels of urea and 3creatinine in rats exposed to the mosquito coil smoke but serum levels of Na+, k+, Cl- and HCO were– not affected significantly. Histopathological assessments of the kidney tissues of the rats exposed to mosquito coil smoke were severe multifocal congestion, cystic dilatation in the medulla; proteinaceous casts within ducts, interstitial mononuclear cellular infiltration and widespread fibrosis .The severity of the lesions were dependent on the duration of exposure. These findings suggest that inhaling mosquito coil smoke may cause nephrotoxicity in rats. But further investigation to study the mechanism of its toxicity and the reversibility / irreversibility of the pathological effects is recommended in further studies.