Ameliorative Potential of Methanolic Extract of Senna Siamea on Fructose-Induced Prediabetes on the Liver and Pancreas of Adult Wistar Rats

Abstract

Consumption of fructose, widely used in food processing including soft drinks, has been associated with the occurrence of prediabetes and its complications. This has greatly contributed to the rapid increase in the number of people living with Diabetes Mellitus globally. Senna Siamea, a tropical plant commonly called Casia and “Malga” in Hausa have been reported to be useful in treatment of disease traditionally due to its phytochemical compound including anthraquinones, coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenoids, sterols and other polyphenols. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative potential of methanol extract of Senna Siamea on fructose- induced prediabetes on the liver and pancreas of adult Wistar rats. Twenty-five (25) adult male Wistar rats were used and divided into five groups according to substance of administration: distilled water, fructose, Senna siamea, 150 mg/kg b.w (SS 150), Senna siamea, 300mg/kb b.w (SS 300) and metformin. They were allowed to acclimatize for 2 weeks before the onset of administration which lasted for 14 days. All experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with the standard international guidelines on the use of animal for research. Approval for the study was obtained from the Departmental Ethics Committee and Health Research Ethics Committee on Animal Use, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria. Body weight and blood-glucose level was monitored daily. After administrations, all animals were euthanized then sacrificed and preserved in accordance to various parameters assayed including oxidative stress markers (reduced glutathione- GSH, catalase CAT, superoxide dismutase- SOD and lipid peroxidation- MDA), lipid profile and histology (Hematoxylin and Eosin stain). Fructose (p<0.0001) and SS 300 groups (p<0.001) showed a statistically significant increase in blood glucose level compared to control group. SS 150 group showed no statistically significant changes in SOD and MDA level in both pancreas and liver compared to control group. Both SS 300 and SS 150 showed improved lipid profile compared to fructose diet group with mild occurrence of histopathological changes. Findings from this study elucidated that administration of SS 150 optimally ameliorate damages induced by the consumption of Fructose.