Stature Reconstruction from Measurements of Craniofacial Parameters: A Study of the Oro People of Akwa Ibom State

Abstract

Stature prediction from craniofacial remains is vital in establishing the identity of an unknown individual in cases of natural calamities and archaeological exploration where complete skeleton is not available. This study aims to estimate stature among the Oro ethnic group in Akwa Ibom State using craniofacial parameters, hence determine the craniofacial parameter that best predict stature for the Oro people and therefore document a model formulae for stature prediction using Poisson regression analysis. The study assessed 500 subjects (245 males and 255 females) between the ages 18 - 77, with no craniofacial nor stature abnormality. Subject’s height were measured and regressed against their head circumference, facial breadth and facial height using a calibrated height rod, measuring tape and digital sliding caliper. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using MINITAB-18 data package. The results obtained showed that the mean height and standard deviation for both males and females were 163.912.9 and 163.012.6 respectively, thus, Oro males are taller than females. A strong positive correlation was observed between height and head circumference, facial breadth and facial height in both males and females, with facial breadth having the strongest positive correlation with height for both genders. The model formulae (regression equation) for stature prediction of Oro males is Y' = 4.6755 + 0.03609(facial breadth); for Oro females: Y' = 4.7193 + 0.03225(facial breadth) and for both: Y' = 4.6991 + 0.03404(facial breadth). It was concluded that facial breadth can be used to accurately estimate stature for the people of Oro tribe.