Correlation of Fasting and Postprandial Blood Glucose with Hba1c in monitoring Glycemic Control of Diabetic Patients in FCT Abuja, Nigeria

Abstract

Achieving glycemic control or reduction of hyperglycemia would significantly decrease most of the complications associated with hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. It has been stated that measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) remains the gold standard for the assessment of glycemic control; there is no consensus whether the Fasting or Postprandial is a better predictor of glycemic control in poor resource setting where HbA1C is not easily accessed or available. The aim of this research is to determine fasting and postprandial plasma glucose and their correlation with HbA1C in glycemic control. A cross sectional case control study was carried out from January, 2023 to July, 2023; a total of 203 participants were recruited into the study. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 hours post prandial blood glucose (2HPBG) were determined in all the subjects using the enzymatic glucose oxidase method for glucose estimation according to the instruction of the manufacturer, while HbA1C was determined using Boroaffinity Chromatographic method according to the instruction of the manufacturer. Statistical data analysis was carried out using SPSS software (Version 25.0, IBM Corp., Armonk, New York USA), and p<0.001 were defined as statistically significant; the correlation between the parameters was carried out using Pearson’s correlation. Both the FBG and the 2HPBG showed positive correlation with HbA1C in the diabetic and control subjects; however, the level of correlation varies. The correlation of FBG and 2HPBG with HbA1C is directly proportional to the concentration of blood glucose level. The FBG for the control and the subjects are 7.40±1.59 and 143.67±5.01, with HbA1C of 4.45±0.05; 6.26±1.47 respectively. The 2HPBG for the control and the subjects are 120.70±1.75 and 192.92±7.05, with HbA1C of 5.56±0.07; 7.82±0.22 respectively. The FBG correlation to HbA1C is r= 0.875, p<0.001; while 2HPBG is r= 0.908,p<0.001. The study showed positive correlation of FBG and 2HPBG with HbA1C, since HbA1C is the value of the percentage concentration of glucose at a given period of time; FBG, 2HPBG and HbA1C can be used to evaluate the degree of glycemic control in diabetic patients’ management, in order to minimize or avoid diabetic complications. Keywords: FBG, PBG, Diabetes, HbA1C, Correlation, Complications