Abstract:
Architecture and culture are two concepts that represent the identification of any society. Architecture is the
manifestation and expression of culture. So, Architecture and Culture are interdependent and inseparable. Research has
identified culture as the main factor in the evolution of the architecture of a people and it plays an important role in the
environmental and social development and sustainability of a place. The culture of any society is based on their beliefs,
history, civilization, climate and customs, whilst architecture symbolizes a society’s culture that has evolved. This
research explores the intricate relationship between culture and architecture in the evolution of traditional architecture
in Nigeria, with a specific focus on the evolution of the indigenous homestead of the Igala people of North Central
Nigeria. Employing a narrative approach, the study utilized historical research, field surveys, and interviews to explore
how cultural beliefs, norms, practices, and socio-cultural factors have profoundly influenced the design and planning of
Igala traditional dwellings. By investigating the interplay between indigenous knowledge systems, community
practices, and material availability, the research uncovers the unique architectural features that have emerged from the
rich tapestry of Igala culture to include the long straight entrance path (ojikpologu), the circular curvilinear homestead
and buildings, courtyard (anuku/okolo), reception house (atakpa), and food storage barn (aka). Others include shrine
(achękwu), grinding hut (ǫdǫ-okuta), animals’ pen (unyi-amęñwu-ǫrę), and security fence (ϙgba), all deeply rooted in
Igala culture. This research provides valuable insights into the adaptability of traditional architecture to culture. It
further offers essential knowledge for architects, preservationists, and policymakers, guiding their efforts in heritage
preservation, sustainable architectural design, and urban planning within multicultural contexts.
