Abstract:
Background: Accurate and reliable diagnosis of HIV opportunistic infections plays a central role in effective HIV
intervention programmes. Pulmonary infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV infected
individuals.
Objectives: We set out to determine the prevalence of Pulmonary candidiasis by isolating Candida species from the
sputum of HIV sero-positive patient’s presenting to hospital with complaint of cough for more than two weeks and
related the level of CD4 count to Pulmonary candidiasis.
Methods: Using sterile wire loop, each sputum sample was inoculated into duplicate SDA (Thermo Scientific, UK); one
tube without antibiotics, another tube supplemented with Chloramphenicol (0.05%) and Cycloheximide (0.5%)
antibiotics. The patient’s CD4 count was determined using a Cyflow machine (PARTECR, Germany).
Result: Fifty two (54.2%) female and 44(45.8%) male HIV positive subjects were compared with a control group made up
of, 52(54.2%) female and 44(45.8%) male HIV negative subjects. Twenty one (21.9%) HIV positive subjects had Candida
species in their sputum samples compared to 12(12.5%) in the HIV negative subjects. Among HIV positive subjects,
17(17.7%) had Candida albicans isolated from their sputum, 11(11.5%) of whom had a CD4 count of <200 cells/ul.
Conclusion: We concluded that, there is a risk of pulmonary candidiasis occurring in HIV infected patients with CD4
count <200cells/ul and that, Candida species contributes to chronic cough experienced by HIV infected patients. We
recommend that HIV positive patients who have chronic cough and whose CD4 count is <200cells/ul be placed on
systemic antifungal medication.
