Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections among Healthcare Seekers at a Tertiary Health Facility in North-Central Nigeria: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B and C viral infections are among the common infectious diseases with global public health dmpottance. Nigeria is among the countries identified to be hyper-endemic for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among healthcare seekers at Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, to increase awareness among the populace and sensitize public health stakeholders. METHODS: A retrospective study that involved data abstraction from the medical laboratory records of patients seeking care at Bingham University Teaching Hospital. The information collected included screening result for HBsAg and anti-HCV. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. RESULTS: A total of 186 patients were screened for HBV infection and 96 were screened for HCV infection. The mean ages and standard deviations were 36.2 + 15.05 years and 37.2 ± 14.48 years for those screened for HBV and HCV, respectively. The seroprevalence rate of HBV infection was 14.0% while the rate for HCV infection was 10.4%. Males had a higher HBV seroprevalence of 9.1% than females with 4.9%. For HCV seroprevalence, females recorded a higher prevalence of 6.2% compared to their male counterparts who had 4.2%. Among those screened for HBV, the young adult age group had the highest prevalence rate of 10.2%, while for the HCV screen the middle-aged group had the highest prevalence rate of 6.2%. These were, however, not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study has shown that both HBV and HCV infections are hyper-endemic. There is a need to intensify awareness campaigns and improve the implementation of preventive and management strategies for HBV and HCV infections.