Effect of Ethanol Stem Extract of Homalium Letestui on Histological Features on Kidney of Paracetamol-Induced Albino Rat Injury, Using Various Staining Techniques

Abstract

Introduction/Aim: Medicinal plant is normally used by most people in under developed and developing countries. In this study the effect of ethanol stem extract of Homalium letestui on histological features of paracetamol-induced albino rat injury, using various staining techniques. Method: Thirty six (36) rats where used for this work. Group one served as the positive control receiving normal saline, group two served as organotoxic group receiving paracetamol 2000 mg/kg body weight, group 3 received silymarin 100 mg/mg bw, while group 4, 5 and 6 received 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg of the extract respectively. General staining technique Hematoxylin and Eosin and specific observation technique, Bence Jones which focuses on glomeruli and Bowman’s capsule, were used. Haematological and chempathological investigation were also carried out. Result: In Bence Jonces technique, there was severe basement membrane degeneration of the Bowman’s capsule in the organotoxic group. There was intact basement membrane structure in the normal and Silymarin group, while there was dose dependent improvement in the architecture of Bowman’s capsule for the pretreated rats. In Hα E, Paracetamol treated rats showed severe damage in the kidney cells, which were revealed as severe area of epithelial lining degeneration, glomerular inflammation, Tubular necrosis and vascular degeneration. Pretreatment with stem extract of Homalium letestui (250 -750 mg/kg) and standard drug, Silymarin (100 mg/kg) helped in reducing the cellular damage induced by Paracetamol. Conclusion: Histological work agrees with other parameters suggesting that the plant may prevent or protect kidney architecture